| 摘要: |
| 美国一流大学硕士研究生招生管理注重程序规范，在社会变迁中逐步推进教育公平，最终形成了权力制衡的招生管理机制。其发展历程大体上可划分为探索性发展阶段、突破性发展阶段和深化性发展阶段。基于“权力制约权力”“社会力量制约权力”和“权利制约权力”三大权力制衡范式，美国在硕士招生管理方面实现了学术权力与行政权力、招生权力与考试权力、监督权力与决策权力等多方面的制衡。借鉴美国的经验，我国的硕士研究生招生管理应完善集体负责制，建立分级管理的行政权力制衡机制；促进“招考分离”，推行科学公正的考试管理制衡机制；开展综合监督，制定切实有效的审查诉讼制衡机制，从而使学生享有平等的受教育机会。 |
| 关键词: 美国高等教育 硕士研究生 招生管理 权利制衡 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“上海学术职业的承认正义需求与制度建设研究”(2018BGL011)；2020年度上海市教育科学研究一般项目“全媒体时代高校思想政治工作创新路径研究”（C2-2020093）。 |
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| Research on the Power Balance Mechanism of Postgraduate Enrollment Management in American First-class Universities |
| QIAN Mengting, PAN Yilin |
| (Institute of higher education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237) |
| Abstract: |
| The enrollment management of postgraduate students in first-class universities in the United States pays attention to procedural norms, gradually promotes educational fairness in the social changes, and finally forms an enrollment management mechanism with balance of power. Its development process can be roughly divided into exploratory stage, breakthrough stage and deepening stage. Based on the three power balance paradigms of “power restricting power”, “social forces restricting power” and “rights restricting power”, the United States has realized the balance of academic power and administrative power, enrollment power and examination power, supervision power and decision-making power in postgraduate enrollment management. Drawing lessons from the experience of the United States, universities in China should firstly improve the collective responsibility system and establish the administrative power balance mechanism of hierarchical management in postgraduate enrollment management. Secondly, separation of recruitment and examination should be promoted and a scientific and fair examination management mechanism with balance of power should be implemented. Lastly, universities should carry out comprehensive supervision, and establish an effective mechanism for reviewing litigation, so that students can enjoy equal educational opportunities. |
| Key words: Higher education in the United States Postgraduate students Enrollment management Balance of power |
